Surcharges in DeepEX
DeepEX enables the user to use a number of different surcharge types. Some of these surcharges are common with NONLINEAR, however, most surcharge types are not currently included in the Nonlinear Engine. The Table below lists the available types of surcharges.
Table: Available surcharge types
Surcharge Type | Permanent/Temporary (P/T) | Exists in Nonlinear Engine | Exists in Conventional Analysis | Conventional Analysis Comments |
Surface Line load | P & T | No | Yes | Theory of elasticity. Can include both Horizontal and Vertical components. |
Line load | P & T | No | Yes | Same as above |
Wall Line Load | P & T | No | Yes | Same as above |
Surface Strip Surcharge | P & T | Yes | Yes | Same as above |
Wall strip Surcharge | P & T | Yes | Yes | Same as above |
Arbitrary Strip Surcharge | P & T | No | Yes | Theory of elasticity. Vertical Direction only. |
Footing (3D) | P | No | Yes | Theory of elasticity. Vertical Direction only. |
Building (3D) | P | No | Yes | Theory of elasticity. Vertical Direction only. |
3D Point Load | P & T | No | Yes | Theory of elasticity. Vertical Direction only. |
Vehicle (3D) | T | No | Yes | Theory of elasticity. Vertical Direction only. |
Area Load (3D) | P & T | No | Yes | Theory of elasticity. Vertical Direction only. |
Moment/Rotation | - | Yes | No | - |
When EC7 (or DM08) is utilized, the following items are worth noting:
In the NONLINEAR module: In the default option the program does not use the Default Nonlinear Engine for determining surcharge actions, but calculates all surcharges according to the conventional methods. If the Nonlinear Simplified Load Options are enabled, then all conventional loads are ignored. Only loads that match the Nonlinear engine criteria are utilized.
Unfavorable Permanent loads are multiplied by F_LP while favorable permanent loads are multiplied by 1.0.
Unfavorable Temporary loads are multiplied by F_LV while favorable temporary loads are multiplied by 0.
The software offers great versatility for calculating surcharge loads on a wall. Surcharges that are directly on the wall are always added directly to the wall. In the default setting, external loads that are not directly located on the wall are always calculated using theory of elasticity equations. Most formulas used are truly applicable for certain cases where ground is flat or the load is within an infinite elastic mass. However, the formulas provide reasonable approximations to otherwise extremely complicated elastic solutions. When Poison's ratio is used the software finds and uses the applicable Poisson ratio of v at each elevation.
Figure: Simplified Nonlinear load options and Elasticity surcharge options
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